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: °R' ï_ïï½^-m\XXïï½^¸>\\^-mïNorth¥Dakota¥Collaboration¥for¥Excellence¥Seriesˆ¥œœC(#ˆHandbook¥9:¥Developing¥Long³Term¥Plans¥for¥TeachingÃÜ Ü Üï#º^-m\\^¸>J#ïï#ºX½ÌX\^-m+#ï “ °@ø5) ï_ïï½X,eXXXïï½^¸>\XX,eïNorth¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction¥³¥8/1/00ˆ¥”"”"”"(#ˆò ò1ò òï#ºX,eX\^¸>J#ï3•$37;?CGKOS¡¡-*+xšØ d4—TABLE BL*TABLE CKKKK?Heavy ShadowdZd °! ï_ïï¥X,eXXXï„Ü¡„„ˆ¡„…¥AØØ……¥BØØ…„ „îª¥ J(•$33)ªîî*¡¯X¡É,ËäX¡þX*îííííííííííííï½†Ôá†XX,eï˜˜îîHANDBOOK¥9:Ü ˆ ÜDeveloping¥Long³Term¥Plans¥Ü *Z Üfor¥TeachingÜ tÛ Üîvîˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆˆüˆˆŠˆˆˆˆ<ˆíï#ºX,eX††ÔáT#ï——ííííííï*Ñ°LMddd Xdd Xdd X¡(#¡(#Ñïï,xdd ïï+ ïÜÆËÆË Üî9¯¹X4Ÿ!Ô#ÙX¡¯X¡É,ËäX9îîîˆ@lˆ˜˜CONTENTS——Ü ™$ ÜîÊî1.¥Understanding¥the¥Nature¥of¥Long³Term¥PlansˆŸ!°.hh?ˆ3Ü ˆ Ü2.¥Organizing¥for¥Long³Term¥PlanningˆŸ!°.225ˆ5Ü íŸ Ü3.¥Developing¥Long³Term¥PlansˆŸ!°.&&.ˆ7Ü ü Üíî9¡¯X¡É,ËäX¯¹X4Ÿ!Ô#ÙX9îííííííííï½™î1˜XX,eïA¥Handbook¥in¥the¥˜˜Collaboration¥for¥Excellence——¥SeriesÜ )P&# ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Division¥of¥Independent¥StudyÜ Š)'$ ÜOffice¥of¥Curriculum¥and¥ImprovementÜ ¬*¯'% ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction¥ÝÝ¥2000Ü l+þ(& Üï#ºX,eX˜™î13#ïï½7X,eXXX,eïï½7†Ôá†X7X,eïî ¥îÜ 0,`)'Ö Üï#º7X,eX†7†Ôá¬#ïï#ºX,eXX7X,eÅ#ïííˆ†ˆThis¥handbook¥is¥one¥of¥a¥series¥published¥for¥the¥project¥˜˜Collaboration¥for¥Excellence:¥TheÜ í€ ÜNorth¥Dakota¥Curriculum¥Project.——¥¥Ü ü¡ Üî ¥îˆ†ˆThe¥publication¥is¥free¥to¥public¥school¥educators¥in¥North¥Dakota,¥who¥may¥make¥copiesÜ Üwithout¥permission.¥î ¥îÜ ß Üˆ†ˆThese¥handbooks¥represent¥a¥team¥product.¥A¥major¥contributor¥was¥Ann¥Clapper,¥who¥wasÜ h` Üpreviously¥Director¥of¥the¥Office¥of¥Curriculum¥Leadership¥and¥Improvement.¥NumerousÜ T L Üeducators¥in¥North¥Dakota¥reviewed¥all¥these¥materials¥and¥made¥valuable¥suggestions.¥Ü @8 ÜEspecially¥helpful¥were¥the¥following¥North¥Dakota¥educators:¥Janet¥Edlund,¥Dakota¥PrairieÜ ,$ ÜHigh¥School;¥Cheryl¥Kuhas,¥North¥Dakota¥Department¥of¥Public¥Instruction;¥Karen¥Nelson,Ü ÜHettinger;¥Sandra¥Willprecht,¥Forman.¥¥Allan¥A.¥Glatthorn,¥Distinguished¥Research¥Professor¥atÜ Ÿ ÜEast¥Carolina¥University,¥served¥as¥consultant¥to¥the¥project.¥Ü Ý Üˆ†ˆIt¥should¥be¥emphasized¥that¥the¥processes¥suggested¥here¥should¥be¥seen¥only¥asÜ RJ Ürecommendations,¥not¥mandates.¥¥The¥authors¥value¥the¥ability¥of¥North¥Dakota¥educators¥toÜ >6 Üdevelop¥their¥own¥processes¥that¥reflect¥the¥needs¥and¥resources¥of¥their¥schools.Ü *" Üííˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆˆüˆˆŠˆˆˆˆ<ˆˆhˆˆËˆÜ PH Ü˜˜ï½¹sÎÈXX,eïï*e°NrOddxdd xLM¡(#¡(#eïï,Ldd ïï+ ïÜ Ü1.ˆ0@ˆï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎÎ #ïï½¹sÎÈXX,eïUNDERSTANDING¥THE¥NATURE¥OF¥LONG³TERM¥PLANSï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎº#ïÜ#ld@ù!@ù! 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ÜArts¥Ü 9¥,,!/,, ³³9ÜOpinion¥LetterÜ 9¥,,!RJ0, ³³9ÜÜ 9¥,,!RJ1, ³³9ÜÜ?¥,,!RJ2, ³³?ÜSocial¥StudiesÜ 6,!jb3, ³³6ÜGreat¥leadersÜ 'jb4 ³³'ÜÜ 'jb5 ³³'ÜÜ0¥,jb6 ³³0ÜScienceÜ 6,!å ¼7, ³³6ÜLife¥in¥winterÜ 'å ¼8 ³³'ÜÜ 'å ¼9 ³³'Üï#ºX,eX˜™î1 +#ïÜ0¥,å ¼: ³³0Üï½™î1˜XX,eïMathÜ 6,!B":;, ³³6ÜFactoringÜ 'B":< ³³'ÜÜ 'B":= ³³'ÜÜ"B":> "Üï#ºX,eX˜™î1æ.#ïíî ¥,!îñ¡ññ¡ñ§A¥,-)ÿ#xT`dEÿì$0xA§Ü |$t? Üíˆ†ˆWhile¥the¥long³term¥plan¥has¥several¥reasons¥for¥recommending¥it,¥not¥all¥teachers¥areÜ 2'*"C Üenthusiastic¥about¥developing¥and¥using¥long³term¥plans.¥Some¥see¥it¥as¥simply¥one¥moreÜ (#D Üadministrative¥requirement.¥¥Others¥complain¥that¥school¥life¥is¥so¥unpredictable¥that¥no¥plan¥canÜ )$E Üever¥be¥an¥accurate¥portrayal¥of¥the¥actual¥teaching¥and¥learning¥that¥go¥on¥in¥the¥classroom.¥Ü š)”$F ÜGiven¥such¥teacher¥opposition,¥the¥principal¥needs¥to¥lay¥the¥groundwork,¥as¥explained¥below.Ü ‰*ò%G Ü˜˜ï½¹sÎÈXX,eïï*õ°3r4dd¡dd ¡†dd ††dd †'dd '1r2¡(#¡(#õïï,Ldd ïï+ ïÜ Ü2.ˆ0@ˆï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎÆ2#ïï½¹sÎÈXX,eïORGANIZING¥FOR¥LONG³TERM¥PLANNINGï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎ²3#ïÜ#ld@ù!@ù! #Ü——íˆ†ˆEach¥school¥will¥use¥its¥own¥system¥for¥accomplishing¥the¥planning¥process.¥¥The¥proceduresÜ š” Üexplained¥below¥have¥worked¥well¥with¥several¥schools.Ü ‰ ò Üíîî˜˜Develop¥the¥Proposal——Ü Ïõ Üî5îˆ†ˆThe¥first¥phase¥is¥to¥develop¥the¥school's¥proposal¥for¥long³term¥planning.¥The¥principalÜ Üshould¥introduce¥the¥concept¥of¥long³term¥planning¥during¥the¥spring¥semester¥so¥that¥decisionsÜ ™“ Ücan¥be¥made¥in¥a¥timely¥manner.¥¥The¥long³term¥planning¥proposal¥may¥be¥developed¥in¥a¥facultyÜ ˆ¯ Ümeeting¥devoted¥solely¥to¥this¥topic.¥¥The¥steps¥to¥take¥at¥this¥meeting¥follow.Ü í€ Üˆ0†ˆ(1)ˆ0†(#†(#ˆThe¥principal¥(or¥one¥of¥the¥teacher³leaders)¥should¥make¥a¥15³minute¥presentation¥of¥theÜ .& Üconcept¥of¥and¥rationale¥for¥long³term¥planning.¥¥Ü(#(# Üˆ0†ˆ(2)ˆ0†(#†(#ˆThe¥teachers¥should¥meet¥in¥small¥groups¥to¥discuss¥their¥views¥and¥their¥present¥practiceÜ |t Üwith¥respect¥to¥long³term¥planning.Üh`(#(# Üˆ0†ˆ(3)ˆ0†(#†(#ˆThe¥teachers¥should¥report¥out¥the¥results¥of¥their¥small¥group¥discussions¥to¥the¥entireÜ æå Üfaculty.¥¥Ü¦¨(#(# Üî ¥îˆ0†ˆ(4)ˆ0†(#†(#ˆThe¥principal¥should¥determine¥how¥much¥support¥there¥is¥for¥long³term¥planning.Ü(#(# Üˆ0†ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆ³³ˆ04(#(#ˆIf¥there¥seems¥to¥be¥general¥support¥for¥the¥process,¥the¥principal¥can¥then¥move¥intoÜ Ÿ Üthe¥next¥phase.¥¥ÜÝ4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ0†ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆ³³ˆ04(#(#ˆIf¥there¥is¥strong¥opposition,¥further¥study¥is¥needed.¥In¥this¥instance,¥the¥principalÜ †ï Üshould¥take¥the¥time¥to¥explore¥more¥deeply¥the¥reasons¥for¥opposition¥and¥work¥withÜ éË Üteachers¥to¥remove¥the¥obstacles¥that¥make¥them¥question¥the¥value¥of¥planning.Ü«Â4(#4(# Üˆ†ˆOnce¥sufficient¥support¥has¥been¥developed,¥the¥principal¥should¥then¥ask¥a¥special¥task¥forceÜ Ü(or¥one¥of¥the¥existing¥school¥committees)¥to¥develop¥a¥specific¥proposal¥for¥faculty¥to¥examine.¥Ü œ ÜBy¥reviewing¥this¥handbook,¥analyzing¥the¥literature,¥visiting¥schools¥using¥such¥plans,¥andÜ ” ¾! Üsharing¥their¥own¥experience¥and¥knowledge,¥the¥task¥force¥should¥make¥a¥series¥ofÜ ò!ñ" Ürecommendations¥about¥the¥following¥issues:Ü ®"²# Üˆ†ˆ "*3£ " *3£ø> ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0ˆ The¥format¥for¥long³term¥planning °*3£ø>†> ÔÜ($ %(#(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆ *3£º? ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0ˆ The¥contents¥of¥the¥long³term¥plan °*3£º?À? ÔÜÉ% '(#(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆ *3£j@ ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0ˆ The¥structure¥by¥which¥they¥will¥be¥producedÝ"Ýteam,¥department,¥or¥individual °*3£j@£@ ÔÜ“&Š!)(#(# ÜÔ "*3£ " ˆ†ˆ *3£{A ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0ˆ The¥review¥process °*3£{A«A ÔÜN(F#+(#(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆ *3£OB ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0ˆ The¥schedule¥for¥developing¥long³term¥plans °*3£OBÃB ÔÜ¡)¬$-(#(# ÜÔ ˆ†ˆOnce¥the¥proposal¥has¥been¥reviewed¥and¥revised,¥it¥should¥be¥adopted¥and¥disseminated¥asÜ + &/ Üthe¥school's¥process¥for¥long³term¥planningÜ ß+š&0 Üˆ†ˆWhile¥schools¥will¥vary¥in¥how¥they¥accomplish¥this¥initial¥organizing¥task,¥the¥principalÜ `-X(2 Üshould¥ensure¥that¥the¥school's¥planning¥structure¥and¥processes¥have¥been¥developed¥withÜ L.D)3 Üsignificant¥teacher¥input.Ü 8/0*4 Ü˜˜ˆ†ˆíîî——˜˜ˆ@†ˆˆ@ˆˆ@4ˆˆ@` ˆLay¥the¥Foundations——Ü jb ÜîEîˆ†ˆThe¥next¥phase¥in¥the¥process¥is¥to¥establish¥the¥foundations¥for¥long³term¥planning.¥Ü í€ Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(1)ˆ0ˆ˜˜Develop¥the¥forms.——Ü. &(#(# Üˆ0†ˆˆ0†(#†(#ˆ³³ˆ04(#(#ˆThis¥is¥a¥crucial¥step,¥since¥the¥forms¥will¥also¥dictate¥content.¥¥One¥possible¥formÜ Ü(Display¥9³1,¥Example¥A)¥includes¥five¥essential¥planning¥items:¥¥the¥weeks¥of¥theÜ Üschool¥year;¥the¥events¥that¥will¥impact¥on¥teaching¥and¥learning¥(national¥and¥stateÜ š” Üholidays;¥parent¥meetings;¥student¥extra³curricular¥activities;¥report¥card¥and¥parentÜ ‰ò Üconference¥days);¥the¥title¥of¥the¥unit;¥the¥standard¥and¥benchmark¥from¥which¥theÜ ë ® Üunit¥has¥been¥drawn;¥the¥textbook¥pages¥that¥support¥the¥unit.Ü¼Ó 4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ¥ˆ0ˆ³³ˆ04(#(#ˆThe¥alternative¥form¥(Display¥9³1,¥Example¥B)¥shows¥the¥four¥main¥subjects¥taughtÜ Ïõ Üby¥elementary¥teachers¥in¥one¥column¥and¥the¥units¥indicated¥for¥each¥week.¥¥While¥itÜ âÉ Ülacks¥some¥of¥the¥details¥of¥the¥standard¥form,¥its¥chief¥advantage¥is¥that¥it¥shows¥howÜ ~v Üthe¥several¥subjects¥relate¥to¥each¥other.Üjb 4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(2)¥˜˜Provide¥the¥training.——¥¥Ü í€ Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆOne¥two³hour¥training¥session¥for¥the¥entire¥faculty¥should¥be¥sufficient¥to¥introduceÜ ¹« Üthe¥form¥and¥review¥the¥skills¥needed.¥Follow³up¥sessions¥can¥be¥held¥at¥the¥teamÜ ¬Ê Ülevel.ÜäÔ4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(3)¥˜˜Establish¥deadlines¥for¥submission¥of¥plans——.Ü š” Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆRecommend¥to¥teachers¥that¥in¥the¥summer¥they¥develop¥standard¥plans¥for¥the¥firstÜ ¾Þ Üfour¥weeks¥of¥school.¥¥Use¥those¥four¥weeks¥to¥assess¥student¥readiness,¥determineÜ ñæ Üstudent¥needs,¥go¥over¥class¥routines,¥and¥introduce¥the¥subject.¥Then,¥with¥thisÜ ²¦ Üknowledge¥of¥the¥students¥and¥the¥curriculum¥in¥mind,¥develop¥a¥sound¥plan¥for¥theÜ »¢ Ürest¥of¥the¥year.ÜöÚ4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(4)¥¥˜˜Provide¥blocks¥of¥planning¥time¥for¥teams¥to¥collaborate¥on¥the¥planning——.Ü ¿Ý Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆWith¥all¥these¥preparations¥made,¥one¥half³day¥work¥session¥should¥be¥sufficient¥toÜ ˆ Üaccomplish¥the¥planning¥process.Ü ïí 4(#4(# Ü˜˜ï½¹sÎÈXX,eïï*e°r5ddLdd L3r4¡(#¡(#eïï,Ldd ïï+ ïÜ Ü3.ˆ0@ˆï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎDP#ïï½¹sÎÈXX,eïDEVELOPING¥LONG³TERM¥PLANSï#ºX,eXÈ¹sÎ9Q#ïÜ#ld@ù!@ù! #Ü——íˆ†ˆThere¥are¥several¥processes¥that¥teams¥can¥use¥in¥developing¥the¥long³term¥plan.¥SeveralÜ š” Üteams¥have¥found¥the¥following¥one¥to¥be¥effective¥and¥efficient.¥¥(The¥process¥assumes¥that¥theÜ ‰ ò Üteam¥is¥using¥the¥form¥shown¥in¥Display¥9³1¥to¥plan¥one¥subject.)Ü ë ® Üíîî˜˜Develop¥the¥Plans——Ü â É ÜîSîî ¥îˆ†ˆ(1)¥¥˜˜Complete¥the¥basic¥information.——Ü ™“ Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆThe¥team¥should¥note¥the¥team's¥name,¥list¥the¥weeks¥of¥the¥school¥year,¥and¥note¥theÜ Š† Üimportant¥events.ÜÜé 4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(2)¥¥˜˜Identify¥the¥titles¥of¥the¥units¥to¥be¥taught.——Ü 2* Üˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆIn¥order¥to¥identify¥the¥unit¥title,¥which¥should¥indicate¥the¥main¥focus¥of¥the¥unit,¥theÜ " Üteam¥should¥follow¥these¥steps:Ü4(#4(# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ1)¥ˆ0` ˆAnalyze¥the¥curriculum¥guide¥carefully.Üœ˜` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆ³³ˆ0Ô ˆThe¥team¥should¥list¥the¥benchmarks¥in¥the¥order¥in¥which¥they¥are¥presentedÜ ¾Þ Üin¥the¥guide¥and¥asterisk¥those¥benchmarks¥that¥are¥likely¥to¥be¥tested¥in¥stateÜ ñæ Üand¥district¥tests.Ü²¦Ô (#Ô (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ2)¥ˆ0` ˆDetermine¥the¥organizing¥principle¥to¥be¥used¥in¥grouping¥the¥benchmarks¥orÜ »¢ Üobjectives.¥¥ÜöÚ` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆ³³ˆ0Ô ˆThe¥objectives¥have¥probably¥been¥listed¥in¥the¥guide¥according¥to¥someÜ z Ülogical¥categorization¥of¥general¥goals.¥¥The¥objectives¥may¥be¥grouped¥byÜ nf Üvarious¥classification¥systems:ÜZRÔ (#Ô (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ "*3£" *3£õY ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Complex¥skills¥("Writing¥the¥personal¥narrativeÝÝ) °*3£õYèY ÔÜF>ü(#ü(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ *3£ÃZ ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Time¥periods¥("The¥Industrial¥Age") °*3£ÃZ–Z ÔÜ2*ü(#ü(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ *3£ÿ[ ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Themes¥("Families¥First") °*3£ÿ[\ ÔÜü(#ü(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ *3£¬\ ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Problems¥("Cleaning¥Up¥the¥Environment") °*3£¬\] ÔÜ ü(#ü(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ *3£å] ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Major¥works¥of¥art¥("The¥Book¥of¥Job") °*3£å]+^ ÔÜš ”ü(#ü(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆˆÔ ˆ *3£ò^ ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ0üˆ Literary¥or¥artistic¥genres¥("The¥Nature¥of¥Tragedy") °*3£ò^C_ ÔÜ‰!ò ü(#ü(# ÜÔ ˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ3)ˆ0` ˆCheck¥the¥texts¥to¥be¥used.Üë"®!` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆˆ` ˆ³³ˆ0Ô ˆTeachers¥who¥have¥a¥somewhat¥shallow¥knowledge¥of¥the¥subject¥may¥findÜ ¼#Ó" Üthe¥textbook¥organization¥the¥simplest¥way¥to¥identify¥unit¥titles.ÜÏ$õ#Ô (#Ô (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ4)ˆ0` ˆMake¥a¥tentative¥list¥of¥unit¥titles¥and¥then¥refine¥it¥through¥discussion¥andÜ â%É $ Üassessment.Ü~&v!%` (#` (# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ5)ˆ0` ˆNote¥the¥decided³upon¥titles¥on¥the¥form.Üj'b"&` (#` (# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(3)¥¥˜˜Determine¥the¥sequence¥of¥units.——Ü í(€#( Üˆ†ˆ³³ˆ0ˆOnce¥the¥tentative¥list¥of¥titles¥has¥been¥developed,¥the¥team¥should¥next¥decide¥on¥theÜ ¹)«$) Üorder¥of¥units.¥Several¥sequencing¥principles¥are¥available.¥¥Units¥can¥be¥organized¥by:Ü¬*Ê%*(#(# Üˆ†ˆˆˆ "*3£" *3£+d ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ Students'¥interests,¥beginning¥with¥a¥unit¥that¥has¥high¥interest¥and¥using¥seasonalÜ ä+Ô&+ Üprogression¥to¥determine¥placement¥of¥other¥units °*3£+dXd ÔÜ¥,x',4(#4(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆ *3£{e ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ Content¥difficulty,¥starting¥with¥units¥that¥would¥be¥relatively¥simple¥and¥then¥movingÜ l-d(- Üto¥more¥challenging¥ones °*3£{eËe ÔÜX.P).4(#4(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆ *3£êf ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ Time,¥as¥they¥often¥are¥in¥history¥courses¥or¥courses¥emphasizing¥British¥or¥AmericanÜ D/<*/ Üliterature¥¥ °*3£êfg ÔÜ4(#4(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆ *3£h ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ An¥"expanding¥horizons"¥approach,¥beginning¥with¥the¥individual,¥then¥the¥family,Ü ™“ Üthen¥the¥community,¥followed¥by¥the¥state¥and¥the¥nation¥ °*3£hVh ÔÜˆ¯4(#4(# ÜÔ "*3£" ˆ†ˆˆˆ *3£~i ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ The¥structure¥of¥that¥subject,¥as¥mathematics¥units¥usually¥are °*3£~iÌi ÔÜí€4(#4(# ÜÔ "*3£" î ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ *3£Ñj ï2•$ïÝÝï3 ïˆ04ˆ Combining¥two¥or¥more¥of¥the¥aforementioned¥principles °*3£ÑjŠj ÔÜü¡4(#4(# ÜÔ î ¥îˆ†ˆ(4)˜˜¥¥Allocate¥time¥to¥each¥unit——¥Ü Üˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆThe¥time¥can¥perhaps¥best¥be¥represented¥by¥the¥number¥of¥instructional¥periods¥to¥beÜ Üdevoted¥to¥the¥unit;¥an¥instructional¥period¥is¥defined¥as¥a¥clearly¥demarcated¥sessionÜ š” Ülasting¥from¥30³50¥minutes.¥¥To¥determine¥time¥allocation,¥the¥team¥should:Ü‰ò 4(#4(# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ1)ˆ0` ˆCalculate¥the¥total¥number¥of¥instructional¥periods¥available.Üë ® ` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ2)ˆ0` ˆDetermine¥the¥relative¥importance¥of¥each¥unit,¥according¥to¥district¥and¥schoolÜ ¼Ó Üpriorities.ÜÏõ ` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ3)ˆ0` ˆConsider¥the¥attention¥span¥of¥the¥students.ÜâÉ ` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ4)ˆ0` ˆAssess¥the¥complexity¥of¥the¥unit,¥keeping¥in¥mind¥the¥importance¥of¥depth.Ü~v` (#` (# Üˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ5)ˆ0` ˆTentatively¥allocate¥periods¥to¥each¥unit.Üjb ` (#` (# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆˆ4ˆ6)ˆ0` ˆTranslate¥the¥periods¥to¥weeks.ÜVN` (#` (# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(5)¥¥˜˜Record¥information¥on¥long³term¥calendar.——Ü ü¡ Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆAll¥the¥above¥information¥should¥be¥recorded¥on¥a¥long³term¥calendar.¥¥Ü¬Ê4(#4(# Üî ¥îˆ†ˆ(6)¥¥˜˜Relate¥Curriculum¥Guide¥objectives¥to¥units.——Ü Üî ¥îˆ†ˆˆˆ³³ˆ04ˆDo¥one¥final¥check¥to¥be¥sure¥that¥all¥the¥benchmark¥skills¥and¥knowledge¥have¥beenÜ œ˜ Üincluded¥in¥the¥units.¥¥Perhaps¥the¥easiest¥way¥to¥do¥this¥is¥to¥note¥in¥which¥unit¥eachÜ ¾Þ Übenchmark¥is¥emphasized.Üñæ4(#4(# Üíîî˜˜Review¥the¥Plans——Ü öÚ ÜîÃsîˆ†ˆOnce¥the¥grade¥level¥or¥subject¥team¥have¥produced¥and¥evaluated¥their¥calendar,¥theÜ ¿Ý Üprincipal¥should¥then¥undertake¥his¥or¥her¥own¥review.¥¥The¥first¥step¥is¥to¥review¥the¥calendarsÜ Š† Üindividually,¥using¥the¥criteria¥listed¥in¥Display¥9³2.Ü Üé Üˆ†ˆOnce¥all¥the¥individual¥calendars¥have¥been¥reviewed,¥the¥principal¥should¥then¥examineÜ 2!*" Ütogether¥all¥the¥calendars¥for¥a¥given¥grade¥level¥to¥see¥if¥there¥is¥appropriate¥correlation¥betweenÜ "# Üsuch¥related¥subjects¥as¥science¥and¥mathematics¥and¥English¥language¥arts¥and¥social¥studies.¥Ü #$ ÜThen¥the¥principal¥should¥examine¥together¥all¥the¥calendars¥for¥a¥given¥subject,¥to¥assess¥theÜ š#”% Ügrade³to³grade¥progression,¥ensuring¥that¥there¥is¥not¥undue¥repetition.Ü ‰$ò& Ü˜˜ï½6X½ÌXXX,eï§A¥,-) ¡¡xT`d0E¡[0xA§Ü Üîîî ¥îñ¡ññ¡ñï#ºX,eXX6X½Ì@w#ïï½.X½ÌXXX,eïDisplay¥9³2:ˆ0@ˆÜ \T Üî ¥çwî——¥˜˜ï#ºX,eXX.X½Ìx#ïï½X½ÌXXX,eïCriteria¥for¥Evaluating¥Long³Term¥Curricular¥Plans——Ü H@ Üîµwîï#ºX,eXXX½ÌÛx#ïï½™î1˜XX,eïDo¥the¥curriculum¥plans¥.¥.¥.Ü »¢ Ü1.ˆ4ˆReflect¥and¥correspond¥with¥the¥school¥calendar?Ü Ü é Ü2.¥ˆ04ˆNote¥significant¥events¥likely¥to¥influence¥teaching¥and¥learning?Üš ” 4Ü 4Ü Ü3.ˆ04ˆOrganize¥the¥benchmarks¥into¥units,¥with¥titles¥clearly¥stated?Ü4Ü 4Ü Ü4.ˆ04ˆSequence¥the¥units¥appropriately?ÜB : 4Ü 4Ü Ü5.ˆ04ˆAllocate¥time¥appropriately?Üh` 4Ü 4Ü Ü6.ˆ04ˆEnsure¥that¥all¥benchmarks¥are¥included?ÜÚº 4Ü 4Ü Ü7.ˆ04ˆReflect¥the¥importance¥of¥depth¥of¥understanding?ï#ºX,eX˜™î1@y#ïÜ«Â4Ü 4Ü Üñ¡ñ˜˜§A¥,-) ¡¡xT`dE¡-0 A§——Ü òñ Ü